I-Asterisk: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-IP PBX evulelekileyo

Ngaba uqhelene negama elithi Asterisk kwaye ungathanda ukuqonda, kube kanye, ukuba liyintoni, liyintoni, kwaye lingayitshintsha njani indlela iinkampani kunye nemibutho ezinxibelelana ngayo? Namhlanje sikuchazela yonke into, ngendlela elula kwaye sisebenzisa indlela yendalo nethe ngqo ngaphandle kobuchwephesha obungafunekiyo kodwa ngokungqongqo, iinkcukacha kunye nemizekelo emininzi esebenzayo.

Kule nqaku, uza kujonga kwihlabathi le-IP telephony, isoftware yasimahla, kunye nee-smart PBXs, ufumanise indlela i-Asterisk eyiguqule ngayo ihlabathi lezorhwebo kunye nonxibelelwano lomntu. Ukuba wakha wazibuza ukuba amaziko okufowunela asebenza njani, ukuba amakhulu ee-extensions zefowuni alawulwa njani kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, okanye ufuna nje ukufunda ngamandla kunye nokuguquguquka kwezisombululo ezivulelekileyo, qhubeka ufunda kwaye uza kubona ukuba kutheni i-Asterisk yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kweli candelo…

Yintoni iAsterisk?

I-Asterisk yisoftware evulelekileyo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubonelela ngazo zonke izinto ezisebenzayo kwi-phone exchange (PBX), kodwa iziswe kwihlabathi ledijithali kunye ne-IP. Yavela ngo-1999 engqondweni kaMark Spencer kwinkampani ethi "Linux Support Services", eyathi kamva yaba yinkampani I-Digium (iwebhusayithi esemthethweni), kwaye injongo yayo ephambili yayikukubonelela iinkqubo ze-GNU/Linux ngesisombululo sonxibelelwano sobuchwephesha esinamandla, esinokwandiswa, nesingabizi kakhulu kunee-switchboards zemveli.

Ngenxa yefilosofi yayo evulelekileyo phantsi kwelayisenisi yeGPL, iAsterisk iyafumaneka kuye nabani na ukuba ayisebenzise, ​​ayiguqule, ayilungise, kwaye enze iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezintsonkothileyo ezisekelwe kuyo. Igama layo lifana nesoftware yobungcali yeVoIP (Voice over IP), esetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye isetyenziswa ngamashishini amancinci kunye neenkampani ezinkulu, amaziko okufowunela kwaneehotele okanye amaziko emfundo.

Kutheni i-Asterisk itshintshe indlela esebenza ngayo ifowuni?

Ngaphambi kokufika kwe-Asterisk, ii-switchboards zefowuni zazivaliwe, zibiza kakhulu, kwaye izixhobo aziguquguquki. I-Asterisk itshintshe imithetho yomdlalo, ivumela iPC okanye iseva yesiqhelo ukuba ibe yiyo iziko lemithambo-luvo yalo lonke ucingo lwenkampaniukulawula iifowuni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ukudibanisa ngokulula unxibelelwano lweselula, olusisigxina kunye nolweVoIP, kwaye konke oku ngeendleko ezingaphantsi kakhulu kwiinkqubo zemveli.

Isitshixo sempumelelo ye-Asterisk sikukokukhula kwayo, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukwenza ngokwezifiso okungenamkhawulo. Ungayisebenzisa ukuhlanganisa i-switchboard encinci yefowuni enezandiso ezimbalwanokuba nokulawula iimeko ezinzima kakhulu amawaka abasebenzisi kunye neendawo ezisasazeke kwihlabathi liphelaKonke oku kunokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo ilungelelaniswe neemfuno ezithile zombutho ngamnye.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neenzuzo ze-Asterisk

I-Asterisk ihlukile ngokubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezazifumaneka ngaphambili kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezinebhajethi ephezulu. Siza kuhlaziya ezona zibalulekileyo:

• I-switchboard ye-IP okanye i-PBX yedijithali: Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukusebenza njengomlamli kunye ne-router yazo zonke iifowuni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, isebenza njenge-switchboard yedijithali enenkxaso epheleleyo ye-VoIP kunye ne-telephony yendabuko.
• Isoftware yasimahla: Inelayisenisi phantsi kweGPL, ivulelekile kwaye uluntu lwayo lwamazwe ngamazwe luvumela uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nophuculo.
• Ukwanda okupheleleyo: Ukususela kwiinkampani ezinabantu ababini ukuya kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezinamawaka olwandiso, nabani na angayisebenzisa ngaphandle kokutshintsha izisombululo.
• Ukuhambelana kweqonga: Nangona uphuhliso lwayo lwendalo lukwi-GNU/Linux, kukwakho neenguqulelo ze-BSD, Mac OS, Solaris kunye Windows.
• Ukuzinza: Ikuvumela ukuba ulawule iindawo ezininzi kwaye udibanise nazo zonke iintlobo zezicelo zeshishini kunye neendawo (i-CRM, ii-ERP, izicelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso…)
• Ukonga iindleko okubalulekileyo: Iintlawulo eziphezulu kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezobuchwepheshe kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo kuyasuswa. Ukuncipha kweendleko zokufowuna kunye nezakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Iiprotokholi ezihambelanayo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwetekhnoloji

I-Asterisk iyakwazi ukusebenza neeprotokholi eziphambili ze-IP telephony, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana okuphantse kube yinto eqhelekileyo neeterminals kunye neenethiwekhi:

• I-SIP (iProtokholi yokuQalisa iSeshini): Iprotocol ye-flagship kwi-IP telephony.
• IAX (Inter-Asterisk eXchange): I-Asterisk-specific, egxile ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseva ze-Asterisk.
• H.323: Isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zeenkampani kunye neenkonzo zokuthutha.
• I-MGCP: Iprotocol ehambelanayo kwiitshintshiselwano zedijithali.

Ngaphezu koko, iyakwazi ukudibana nefoni yendabuko (i-analog kunye ne-ISDN), ivumela ukufuduka kweziseko zophuhliso okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa lutyalo-mali lwangaphambili okanye ukuphazamisa inkonzo. Ukuze kudityaniswe izinto ezibonakalayo kunye nemigca ye-analog okanye yedijithali, amakhadi athile ehardware (FXO/FXS) anokufuneka, kodwa uqwalaselo luhlala luguquguquka kwaye lusetyenziswa rhoqo.

Izixhobo zenkqubo kunye noyilo

• Umxholo: Injini ephakathi apho kuhlala khona i-Asterisk logic.
• Iimodyuli: Iinkqubo ezincinci ezandisa umsebenzi oyintloko.
• Iifayile zoqwalaselo: Iifayile ezifana sip.conf, izandiso.conf, ivoicemail.conf y i-asterisk.conf ezivumela ukucacisa inkalo nganye yokusebenza.
• Amathala eencwadi kunye nabaqhubi: Izinto ezifana Libpri (Amakhonkco edijithali e-ISDN), ILibyax (iprotocol ye-IAX), DAHDI (izixhobo zekhompyutha, ezazisakuba yiZAPTEL), kunye umsindo (izandi ezirekhodiweyo kunye nelizwi elingaphezulu kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo).
• Izongezo: Ngemisebenzi ephambili okanye ukuhlanganiswa needathabheyisi, ifeksi, i-CRM, imiyalezo, njl.

Olu lwakhiwo lwemodyuli lukuvumela ukuba uqale ngezinto ezisisiseko uze wongeze okanye ususe iimpawu njengoko inkampani yakho ifuna.

Imisebenzi ephambili nephambili ye-Asterisk

I-Asterisk ayipheleli nje ekubeni yi-PBX yendabuko. Amandla ayo kukuba ikwazi ukulinganisa nokugqitha nayiphi na imisebenzi yabakhuphisana nayo kwaye ihambele phambili kakhulu:

• I-voicemail enokuhanjiswa kwe-imeyile: Umsebenzisi ngamnye unokuba ne-voicemail yakhe, eneenkcukacha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo njengee-attachments ze-imeyile.
• Umqhubi Ozenzekelayo (IVR): Iinkqubo zenkonzo yefowuni ezizenzekelayo ezineenketho zemenyu kunye nokuhamba ngokulula ukuze umthengi akwazi ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo elifanelekileyo.
• Ukusasazwa KweeFowuni Ngokuzenzekelayo (i-ACD): Ikuvumela ukuba usasaze iifowuni ngobuchule phakathi kweearhente ezikhoyo ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezininzi kunye nemithetho eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.
• Inkqubo yokuma emgceni: Nika abasebenzisi abalindileyo kwiarhente efanelekileyo, enomculo okanye imiyalezo eyenzelwe wena, ukuze balawule ngokufanelekileyo inani elikhulu leefowuni.
• Iinkomfa: Amagumbi e-intanethi eentlanganiso zeenkomfa ezininzi anezakhono zokurekhoda, ulawulo lwabathathi-nxaxheba, uthuli, kunye nezinye iindlela.
• Ulawulo olupheleleyo lweminxeba: Ukudluliselwa kwemali, ukulandwa, ukuthunyelwa kwefowuni, inkomfa ngqo, ukufowunelwa ngamaqela, ukufowunelwa ngokuthe ngqo, ukuphinda ufowunelwe, izaziso zentetho kawonke-wonke, njl.
• Ukudibanisa neefowuni ezithambileyo kunye neefowuni eziphathekayo: Amathuba okusebenzisa ii-apps/isoftware yefowuni okanye izixhobo ze-IP ezibonakalayo okanye ze-analog.
• Ulawulo lweefowuni kunye nokungena: Ukuveliswa kweengxelo ezineenkcukacha, ukugcinwa kwedatha (i-CDR), izibalo zokusetyenziswa, kunye nemilinganiselo yokhathalelo oluphambili.
• Indlela eguquguqukayo: Amaqhinga okusasaza iifowuni ezininzi (ngokungacwangciswanga, ngokujikelezayo, ngokungasetyenziswa kakhulu, ngokukhala ngokubanzi, njl.njl.)
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaqonga amaninzi: Ukukwazi ukunxibelelana nokudibanisa nezinye izicelo zoshishino kunye nolawulo (i-CRM, izisombululo zelifu, iinkqubo zakudala...)
• Ukudluliselwa kwekhowudi kwi-codec: Uguqulelo oluzenzekelayo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubhala ikhowudi yesandi ukuze kuhambelane kakhulu.
• Iimpawu zokhuseleko ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu: Ukuqinisekiswa, ukubethela, uluhlu lokufikelela, kunye nokubeka esweni inkqubo rhoqo.
• Indawo yokupaka ifowuni: Ushiya umnxeba "upakile" ukuze uwuphendule uvela kolunye ulwandiso.

Le misebenzi ayifikeleli kwiinkampani ezinkulu kuphela, kodwa nakweyiphi na i-SME okanye ingcali, kuba umqobo wezoqoqosho nobunzima uncitshiswa kakhulu ngokungaxhomekeki kumboneleli onelungelo.

Ukudibanisa neetekhnoloji ezikhoyo kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha

Esinye isitshixo sempumelelo yayo sikukuba kulula ukuyifaka kwiziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo. Ngokusebenzisa amakhadi e-elektroniki kunye nee-adapter ze-FXO/FXS, i-Asterisk inokudibanisa imigca yefowuni ye-analog okanye yedijithali kwaye isebenze ngaxeshanye ne-IP telephony, okuvumela utshintsho oluhamba kancinci kwiziseko zonxibelelwano zenkampani.

Ukuhambelana kudlulela kwiifowuni zemveli, izixhobo eziphathwayo, ii-softphone zePC kunye neetablet, izisombululo zeWi-Fi, izandiso ezikude, nokunye okuninzi. Ukuba ungathanda ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho malunga nonxibelelwano olubonakalayo kunye neentambo zokusebenzisa iAsterisk, unokuba nomdla... Eli nqaku lichaza ukuba yintoni intambo ye-UTP..

Le nkqubo ikwavumela ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokujonga imifanekiso ezifana neFreePBX, Issabel, Elastix okanye iTrixBox ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukusasazwa okuphambili kunye nezisombululo ezisekelwe kwi-Asterisk

Inkqubo ye-Asterisk inkulu kakhulu kangangokuba kuye kwavela iiprojekthi ezininzi kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto eziye zenza kube lula ukufakelwa kunye nokulawulwa kwayo, okuhlala kuyilelwe abasebenzisi abangasebenzisi buchwephesha kangako.

• MahalaPBX: Ujongano lwemizobo oluqondakala lula kakhulu lokulawula ii-Asterisk PBXs ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlela iifayile zesicatshulwa.
• IsabelNgokusekelwe kwi-Elastix, yenye yezona zisombululo zixhaphakileyo "zonke-kwi-nye", ikwadibanisa imisebenzi ye-CRM kunye nemiyalezo.
• I-Elastix: Usasazo oludumileyo oludibanisa iFreePBX, inkxaso yemiyalezo, ifeksi, kunye neCRM.
• Ibhokisi yeTrix: Ukusasazwa okusekelwe kwi-asterisk kujoliswe kwiindawo zoshishino ezinabasebenzisi abafikelela kuma-250.
• I-PBXware (iBicom): Iqonga elisebenziseka lula nelisebenziseka lula eliyilelwe ukusasazwa kweshishini ngokukhawuleza.
• I-AsteriskNOW: Isisombululo esenziwe yiDigium esinika ukufakelwa okulula nokukhawulezileyo kweAsterisk kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo.
• IAlpine Linux: Ukusasazwa okulula nokukhuselekileyo kwiiseva zeVoIP ezisebenza kakuhle.

Zonke ezi platifomu zisebenzisa injini ye-Asterisk kwaye zenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa nakwabo bangenalo ulwazi oluphambili lwefowuni.

Ukuthelekiswa kwe-Asterisk kunye ne-PBXs ezizimeleyo

• Ixabiso: Inciphisa kakhulu utyalo-mali kwaye isusa iifizi zokwandisa okanye iimpawu ezongezelelweyo.
• Ukuzinza: Ikuvumela ukuba ucwangcise kwaye wenze ngokwezifiso imithetho, iimenyu, uthumelo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kubaboneleli abavaliweyo.
• Inkxaso yoluntu: Inamawakawaka abasebenzisi kwihlabathi liphela, amaxwebhu amaninzi, kunye neenkampani ezigxile kwinkxaso yobugcisa.
• Uhlaziyo: Njengesoftware evulelekileyo, ifumana uphuculo oluqhubekayo kunye nama-patches, ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo ezizimeleyo ezihlala zingashukumi.

Ubunzima bokuqala ekuseteni bunokuthathwa njengento engeyiyo kangako, kodwa buchatshazelwa yi-graphical interfaces kunye noqeqesho olukhoyo.

Ukhuseleko kwi-Asterisk

Kwicandelo lonxibelelwano lwezoshishino, ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu. I-Asterisk, ekubeni yisoftware yasimahla nevulelekileyo, ivumela ukuphicothwa nokuqina kwazo zonke izinto zayo. Ibandakanya ukuqinisekiswa, ukubethela, ulawulo lokufikelela, kunye neendlela zokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela ukuze kubonwe ngokukhawuleza izoyikiso okanye ukungaphumeleli.

Ukubeka iliso kuluntu kunye nokusebenzisana kuthetha ukuba ubuthathaka obuninzi buyafunyanwa kwaye bulungiswe kwangethuba kunezisombululo ezivaliweyo.

Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Cloud PBX, ii-CRM kunye neenkqubo zelifu

Ikamva lefowuni lixhomekeke ekudibaneni neenkonzo zelifu kunye namaqonga olawulo lweshishini. I-Asterisk ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni okanye zamafu, ivumela ulungelelwaniso oluguquguqukayo, ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo lula, kunye nokufikelela kude naphi na.

Ukuhambelana kwayo neeCRM, iidathabheyisi, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zolawulo kwenza iAsterisk ibe lilitye lesiseko lonxibelelwano lwanamhlanje lweenkampani.

Amatyala okusetyenziswa: indlela iinkampani kunye nemibutho esebenzisa ngayo i-Asterisk

I-Asterisk yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kwiiofisi ezincinci, kwiindawo zokufowunela, kwiihotele, kwiinethiwekhi zeklinikhi, kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, nakwiinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezifana neGoogle, IBM, kunye neYahoo. Kwanomkhosi wase-US uyisebenzisela unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi.

Iimeko eziphambili zokuphunyezwa ziquka:

• Iibhodi zokutshintsha iifowuni zenkampani, zombini i-IP kunye nezemveli
• Iziko lokufowunela elineenkqubo eziphambili zokuhambisa imizila kunye nokufaka emgceni
• Inkonzo ezenzekelayo kunye neemenyu ze-IVR ezingabizi kakhulu
• Iihotele kunye neevenkile ezinkulu ezinolawulo oluphambili lolwandiso
• Ukudibanisa phakathi kweendawo ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabasebenzi be-teleworkers
• Ukubeka esweni nokurekhoda iifowuni kunye nonxibelelwano
• Amagumbi eenkomfa asebenzisa i-intanethi anokufikelela kwihlabathi liphela

Inkqubo yeshishini le-Asterisk: iinkonzo kunye nenkxaso

Ukwanda kwe-Asterisk kukhokelele kwiinkampani ezininzi ezikhethekileyo ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezifana nezi:

• Uyilo kunye nocwangciso lwesakhiwo esenziwe ngokwezifiso
• Inkxaso yobugcisa, ukugcinwa kunye nohlaziyo
• Uqeqesho lwabasebenzisi kunye nabalawuli
• Ukuhlanganiswa neenkqubo zekhompyutha, iinethiwekhi kunye neCRM
• Ukuthengiswa nokufakelwa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo (amakhadi e-FXO/FXS, iifowuni ze-IP, ii-gateways…)

IDigium ide iphuhlise izisombululo zehardware nezezorhwebo, ezifana ne-Asterisk Business Edition, egxile kwinkxaso ephezulu.

Iinguqulelo, imijikelo yobomi, kunye nohlaziyo

I-Asterisk inomjikelo wenguqulelo ocwangciswe kakuhle, kuquka amasebe enkxaso yexesha elide (LTS) kunye neenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni. Uhlaziyo luquka iimpawu ezintsha, iipatches, kunye nokuphuculwa kokhuseleko.

Iinguqulelo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ngamasebe 16, 17 (eSiseko), 13, 12 kunye neenguqulelo zangaphambili ezifana ne-1.8 okanye i-1.4, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba kukhethwe amasebe e-LTS ukuze kubekho ukhuseleko nozinzo olukhulu.

Uqwalaselo, iifayile eziphambili kunye nee-API

Uqwalaselo olusisiseko lungenziwa ngokuhlela iifayile okanye ngokusebenzisa i-graphical interfaces. Iifayile eziphambili zezi:

• sip.conf: Uqwalaselo lwesiphelo se-SIP
• izandiso.conf: Isicwangciso sokudayela kunye nemithetho yokuhambisa indlela
• i-voicemail.conf: Ulawulo lwevoyisimeyili
• i-asterisk.conf: Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi kunye neendlela zenkqubo
• iimpawu.conf: Ukuseta imisebenzi kunye neendlela ezimfutshane

Ii-API zikuvumela ukuba wandise imisebenzi, efana nale:

• I-API yokuphatha i-codec
• I-Channel API yokulawula unxibelelwano kunye neefowuni
• I-API yokurekhoda nokudlala iifayile zeaudio
• I-API yemisebenzi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kusetyenziswa i-AGI

Ukusebenzisa i-AGI kunika ulawulo oluphambili kwi-routing kunye nolawulo lwe-call, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa okunzima.

Izizathu zokukhetha i-Asterisk kwinkampani okanye kwiprojekthi yakho

Ukuba ujonge iqonga eliqinileyo, eliguquguqukayo, nelingabizi kakhulu elinenkxaso yoluntu, i-Asterisk yeyona ndlela icetyiswayo. Nangona ukuphunyezwa kwayo kufuna utyalo-mali oluthile kuqeqesho okanye kwiingcebiso, ekuhambeni kwexesha inika ukonga iindleko, ulawulo olupheleleyo kunye namathuba okwenza ngokwezifiso.

Ukukhetha i-Asterisk kuthetha ukukhetha ukuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo, kunye nokuba nenkqubo ekhuselekileyo nephicothwayo. Ukuhambelana namaqonga amaninzi kunye neendawo ezixutyiweyo kwenza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kube lula kwaye kulungelelaniswe neemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

Ukukhetha oku njengeqonga lakho lonxibelelwano kunokumela utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo, okuvumela imibutho yazo zonke iisayizi ukuba ilawule ngokupheleleyo iziseko zayo zefowuni, idibanise ilizwi kunye nedatha, inciphise iindleko xa kuthelekiswa nezisombululo ezivaliweyo, kwaye izuze kuluntu lwehlabathi oluqhuba uphuhliso lwenkqubo. Uhlobo lwayo oluguquguqukayo, oluguquguqukayo, nolunexabiso eliphantsi luyenza ibe lolona tyalo-mali lobuchwephesha olukrelekrele kakhulu lokuhamba kwixesha ledijithali.

Isikhokelo esiphambili kwikhebula le-UTP: yintoni, isebenza njani, iintlobo, iindidi kunye nendlela yokulikhetha